In the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://8thpaycommissioncalculato74297.wiki-cms.com/8204040/managing_clock_domain_crossing_challenges_in_modern_vlsi_designs